Each year more than seven million deaths worldwide could be attributed to air pollution, and climate change caused tens of thousands of deaths annually from other causes, Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), warned Thursday.
Speaking during the UN Human Rights Council's panel discussion on the relationship between climate change and heath, Chan said that by 2050, experts predicted that climate change would cause an additional 250,000 deaths each year, just from malaria, diarrhea, heat stress, and under-nutrition.
"Droughts, floods, wildfires and heat waves claimed human lives. The world could not afford not to take open action. Holding countries accountable for their climate policies was also a matter of fairness," she noted, adding that for public health, climate change had become the defining issue for the 21st century.
Since the impact of climate change was universal, unpredictable, and sometimes contested, she said, human beings were unquestionably the most important species threatened by climate change.
The World Meteorological Organization figure has showed that the year 2015 was the hottest year since records began in 1880, and this year was predicted to be even hotter.
"Droughts threatened already perilous food supplies, especially in poor countries where subsistence farming was rain-fed," Chan stressed.
According to the UN official, the scale of this threat was immense. In some countries more than 70 percent of the population depended on subsistence farming for livelihood. Outbreaks of cholera thrived under too much or too little water. Insects and other carriers of disease were very sensitive to heat, humidity and rainfall. Climate change had given dengue a vastly expanded geographical range and could do the same for malaria.
"More than half of the world population lived in an area where Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the principal vector for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya, were present. The warming temperatures threatened to expand this geographical range even further," Chan warned.
All these consequences for health made the first global climate change agreement reached in Paris last year not just an environment but a health treaty as well, and human rights obligations, standards and principles had the power to shape policies for climate change mitigation and adaptation, she said.
According to her, one of the biggest barriers that stood in the way of realizing the right to health was poverty.
"The poorest households in the world were forced to rely on the most polluting energy sources just for everyday cooking. Use of these energy sources, which caused heavy indoor air pollution, was associated with more than 3.5 million deaths each year," she said.
She added that half of all health facilities in some African countries did not have reliable access to electricity and clean running water, and this was a hazard that came under the spotlight during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa.
"The Paris agreement, with its central reference to human rights, was a welcome step forward. However, the agreement was largely voluntary and subject to interpretation. What was needed now was an agenda for action that doubled as a results-based framework for accountability," she concluded.
