Foreign families, especially in the United States, are increasingly willing to adopt Chinese orphans with special needs, according to anecdotal evidence from experts and institutions.
The Ministry of Civil Affairs said there were 2,887 intercountry adoptions of Chinese children in 2014 - about 13 percent of the 22,772 Chinese children who were adopted. Of the foreign adoptions, 2,040 children went to families in the U.S..
Although no official statistics track how many of the adopted children had disabilities, experts believe they can see a pattern in the willingness of foreigners to adopt children with special needs.
It comes from a combination of relative wealth, the state of development of healthcare and social services systems, mature attitudes and Christian values, said Ian Milligan, international lead of the Centre for Excellence for Looked After Children, an organization based in Scotland.
"People with faith are more willing to adopt or foster children with special needs," he said. "It seems that Christian families, or people in the Christian community, are more willing to take disabled children."
Tong Xiaojun, head of the Children's Research Institute of China, agreed.
"Most children adopted by overseas families in recent years have special needs," Tong said. "Many overseas adoptions are done for philanthropic reasons."
One example is U.S. actor Jim Caviezel, a devout Catholic, who adopted three children with special needs from China. Two now have brain tumors. The eldest boy, Bo, died of cancer in 2011.
The advanced medical and social evaluations available in some overseas countries helps families make their decision, Tong said - "to make sure they won't be worn out or feel squeezed by the adoption".
"Normally, they will factor in whether a more advanced medical system will help, and if so, they are willing to adopt a child with special needs," Tong said.
In 2005, rules were relaxed for overseas applicants willing to take on a child with disabilities. The parental age limit was raised to 55 from 50. And requirements connected to other offspring were lifted. Before the change, adopting parents were required to have fewer than five children under the age of 18. With no hard figures available, adoption times may provide clues about trends.
It takes an applicant in the U.S. five years or longer to adopt a healthy Chinese girl under 2 years old, said Joshua Zhong, president of the Colorado-based Chinese Children Adoption International in the U.S..
That contrasts sharply with what the U.S. State Department said was the typical processing time for a Chinese adoption in 2015 - only 249 days. The average completion time was 282 days for all adoptions in 2014, suggesting that a significant portion of those may have involved children with disabilities on a faster track.
"Many overseas adopters are Christians who do not care whether the child has special needs," said the director of a child welfare institution in Shanxi province who wanted only his surname, Liu, to be used. "We had a 6-year-old who went to his new home in the United States in a wheelchair last year. He was not even potty trained."
Deng Zhixin, founder of Angel Home, a nongovernmental relief agency in Beijing that helps disabled and ill orphans, said the maturity of parents underlies their adoption decisions.
"Many domestic adopters are not mature enough and are not willing to take children with special needs," Deng said. "Overseas families are much more open to that."
