They are mostly found about 100 meters below the surface of the ocean.
Last year, coast guards in Guangdong province caught a group of poachers using a fishing boat to collect jewelry corals on the waters off Shantou city.
The police impounded 1.4 kilograms of oxblood with a street value of as much as 5.4 million yuan ($800,000).
Since 2014, the China Coast Guard has intercepted 140 vessels and detained 80 people suspected of illegally harvesting jewelry corals, tracking down more than 200 kg of oxblood in the process.
The country has also dedicated a huge amount of research, effort and funding to protect the vulnerable ecosystem of the South China Sea, according to Chen.
He said that more than 95 percent of the islands and reefs in the sea are composed of corals that have been damaged by "global warming and excessive fishing".
Protection investment rises
In 2009, as part of China's increased investment in the eco-recovery program, the Ministry of Science and Technology invested 19 million yuan in a research program to examine the reproduction and recovery of biological resources in the ocean.
Meanwhile, in 2014, Sansha provided 10 million yuan in the first batch of investment aimed at helping fishermen start new businesses.
In addition to official organizations, NGOs, including China Biodiversity Conservation and the Green Development Foundation, are also participating in the conservation work.
In April, representatives of the foundation visited Xisha to sign agreements to cooperate with the local branch of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, and co-founded a coral protection base.
"The natural scenery of the South China Sea is even more beautiful than that in the Maldives and Phuket (in Thailand). We should protect it," said Chen Peng, an island planning and protection expert at the State Oceanic Administration.
Having conducted research on more than 20 islands in the South China Sea, Chen Peng said the area has rich tourism resources, such as stunning tropical views and a rich history and cultural heritage.
"But environmental protection is more important than exploitation," he said. "More financial support and public attention are urgently needed."
