RECORD WARMTH EVERYWHERE
During the final month, the December combined global land and ocean average surface temperature departure from average was the third highest on record for any month in the 137-year record. Only the Decembers of 2014 and 2015 were warmer.
Overall, record warmth was observed around the world in 2016, including Far East Russia, Alaska, far western Canada, a swath of the eastern United States, much of Central America and northern South America, and southern Chile.
Much of eastern and western Africa, north central Siberia, parts of south Asia, much of southeast Asia island nations and Papua New Guinea, and parts of Australia, especially along the northern and eastern coasts, also experienced record high temperatures.
No land areas were cooler than average for the year, the NOAA report said.
In the sea, the estimated average annual sea ice extent in the Arctic was about 10.15 million square kilometers in 2016, the smallest annual average ever recorded and continuing a trend of decline seen in recent years.
In Antarctica, the annual sea ice extent was the second smallest on record, behind 1986, at 11.16 million square kilometers. Both the November and December 2016 extents were record small.
Higher above Earth's surface, separate analyses, drawn from both satellite and weather balloon observations, found that 2016 was the warmest year on record for the planet's lower troposphere, which represents roughly the lowest eight kilometers of the atmosphere, and its middle troposphere, the layer between roughly three to 10 kilometers above the surface.
Satellite analyses found that 2016 was the coolest of the 38-year record for the lower stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere between roughly 13.5 and 21 kilometers above the surface.
WARNING SIREN
The NOAA and NASA reports came just two day before the inauguration of President-elect Donald Trump, who has called climate change a "hoax" and has threatened to pull the U.S. out of the Paris Agreement that took effect last year.
Specially, a senior Trump advisor has reportedly said the new administration wants to eliminate all climate change research done by NASA as part of its efforts to crackdown the so-called "politicized science."
In an article published in the highly regarded research journal Science recently, outgoing U.S. President Barack Obama warned Trump against walking away from the Paris Agreement and predicted that without further action, the world could see a rise in average global temperatures by four degrees Celsius.
"The decisions we make in the next few years will significantly shape the trajectory of our efforts toward a zero-carbon economy," Lou Leonard, senior vice president of climate and energy of the World Wildlife Fund, said in a statement.
"America's safety, health and prosperity is contingent on remaining a part of the Paris climate agreement and an active player in overall international efforts to address climate change," said Leonard.
Professor Mark Maslin of the University College London said the idea of a pause or a hiatus in global warming "must now be abandoned" with the announcements that 2016 was the warmest year on record.
"Climate change is one of the great challenges of the twenty first century and shows no signs of slowing down," Maslin said. "The hottest year on record is such a clear warning siren that even President-elect Trump cannot ignore."
