Migrant workers prepare to ride motorcycles back to their hometowns for the Spring Festival in Wuzhou City, Southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Jan. 26, 2016. (Photo/Ecns.cn)
In Anhui province, local governments are encouraging returnees to start their own companies
As the origin of a national diaspora of more than 2.8 million migrant workers, Fuyang city in East China's Anhui province is hoping to woo its workers home so they can help develop the local economy.
The model for this hoped for up-by-the-bootstraps rejuvenation might very well be Wang Zili, 46, owner of a workshop that employs 150 Fuyang's Linquan county. Wang started the firm in 2012 in the village he was born in. While it's called an electronics company, wicker furniture is also in its product catalog.
Wang, who frequently smiles, says he's still not used to being called boss. "I prefer that people use my name instead of a titles, because I think I am still a migrant worker,"he said.
In the early 1990s, Wang left his hometown and became a migrant worker. In his first decade away, he took temporary jobs mostly in painting in Beijing and Shandong and Shaanxi provinces, he said.
At first, Wang just earned 5 yuan ($0.76) a day. Still, "the income was much higher than what I could earn from farming in the countryside", said Wang, who has four children.
The Wangs and their children jointly owned 2,000 square meters of agricultural fields in the countryside. Wang said that made it "impossible to feed the family", adding that it was a common dilemma in Linquan, which has suffered from dire poverty for decades.
The county has just 1,800 square kilometers of land to support more than 2.3 million.
"Each rural resident in Linquan, China's most populated county, has only 600 square meters of farmland on average," said Duan Quanhong of the human resources department of the county government.
Wang said he had no choice but to leave his hometown on his own in his early 20s. Many of the county's 700,000 migrant workers were strongly encouraged to leave by the government.
"For more than 10 years starting in the 1990s, the Fuyang government encouraged local rural residents to find jobs in cities, for poverty relief purposes," said Ye Luzhong, deputy Party chief of the city. "In the past, more people meant more poverty."
During that time, the government collected information on the companies that were recruiting workers and provided it to rural residents. A free bus carried those who decided to leave Fuyang city, where they could catch trains and long-distance buses.
Ye says the migrant workers have played a very important role in the development not only of the places where they have worked, but also of their hometown, "since they bring back money".
"Nowadays, more people means more opportunities," said Ye.
In 2004, Wang walked into an electronics company in Taizhou city in Zhejiang province. The firm's main product is a small light often used in children's shoes.
Wang discovered that while the lights were very easy to assemble, the company often was short of workers. He made a proposal to the boss, saying he could take bring the materials back to his hometown and return the finished products to the company.
With that, Wang returned to Linquan in 2005 and hired villagers, many of whom were women, seniors and the disabled left behind by men working in the cities.
Wang said he was more like a labor contractor for the Zhejiang-based company than a business owner himself until 2012, when he founded his current company. The firm he worked for now is one of his major customers.
Wang said that after Spring Festival, he would move his company's operations from his own home to an industrial zone built nearby last year specifically for the businesses of returned migrant workers. The factory will be provided to Wang free of charge for the first three years. More than 10 other firms also would move there.
Ye, the Party official, said people such as Wang constitute the hope for the future development of the city's far-flung rural areas. "The next five years will be very key to the city's urbanization process," Ye said.
"To finish the process, we need more industries and also more people. The rural areas are very weak in such aspects as infrastructure, so it is not practical to attract businesses from outside.
"We have no choice but to rely on the returned migrant workers," Ye said. The returnees "are hardworking and they will not likely leave the place again once they have their own careers in their hometown", Ye said.
City officials said 160,000 to 200,000 migrant workers have returned to Fuyang every year since 2012, and most of them have found jobs.
Since that year, more than 36,000 of the returned migrant workers have started their own businesses, and the number is expected to reach 200,000 in five years, according to Ye.
"A lot of support will be provided to them, including tax reduction and exemption, free-of-charge factories and training on how to start a company," Ye said.
