全球气候会议简史
Climate Summit: A Brief History
The international political response to climate change began with the adoption of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, which sets out a framework for action aimed at stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to avoid "dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." The Convention, which entered into force on 21 March 1994, now has 195 parties.
1992年,国际社会首次对气候变化做出政治回应,通过了《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）.这份公约提出了一套旨在维持大气中温室气体浓度稳定的行动框架,以避免"人类对气候造成危险的破坏".1994年3月21日,《联合国气候变化框架公约》正式生效,目前共有195个缔约方.
In December 1997, delegates to the third Conference of the Parties (COP) in Kyoto, Japan, agreed to a protocol to the UNFCCC that committed industrialized countries and countries in transition to a market economy to achieve emission reduction targets. These countries, known as Annex I parties under the UNFCCC, agreed to reduce their overall emissions of six GHGs by an average of 5% below 1990 levels in 2008-2012 (first commitment period), with specific targets varying from country to country. The Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16 February 2005, and now has 192 parties.
1997年12月在日本京都,参加第3次缔约方会议（COP）的代表们达成了UNFCCC的补充协议,承诺工业化国家与向市场经济过渡的国家联手,实现温室气体减排目标.与会国家——即UNFCCC"附件一缔约方"——同意,2008至2012年（第1承诺期）,实现6种温室气体的排放量比1990年平均减少5%.《京都议定书》于2005年2月16日正式生效,目前共有192个缔约方.
LONG-TERM NEGOTIATIONS IN 2005-2009
2005年-2009年间的漫长谈判
Convening in Montreal, Canada, in 2005, the first Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 1) decided to establish the Ad Hoc Working Group on Annex I Parties' Further Commitments under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP) in accordance with Protocol Article 3.9, which mandated consideration of Annex I parties' further commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period.
2005年,《京都议定书》缔约方第一次会议（CMP1）在加拿大蒙特利尔召开.会议根据《京都议定书》第3.9项条款——至少在第1个承诺期结束之前七年开始审议缔约方后续承诺,决定成立《京都议定书》特设工作组（AWG-KP）.
COP 11 created a process to consider long-term cooperation under the Convention through a series of four workshops known as "the Convention Dialogue."
第11次缔约方会议（COP）还创立新流程,通过4个统称为"会议对话"的研讨会,考虑缔约方之间的长期合作.
In December 2007, COP 13 and CMP3 inBali, Indonesia, resulted in agreement on the Bali Roadmap on long-term issues. COP 13 adopted the Bali Action Plan (BAP) and established the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA) with a mandate to focus on mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology and a shared vision for long-term cooperative action. Negotiations on Annex I parties' further commitments continued under the AWG-KP. The deadline for concluding the two-track negotiations was Copenhagen in 2009.
