研究证实：越聪明,越长寿
Study confirms link between higher intelligence and longer life expectancy
A survey of more than 2,000 people living in the UK has found that those with a higher IQ are more likely to live a longer life. Researchers analysed data from the Scottish Mental Surveys - in which almost every 11-year-old in Scotland was given the same IQ test on the same day in 1932 - and tracked the participants' lives up to when they passed away.
基于对2000多名英国居民的调查,研究结果显示：智商越高的人长寿的几率越大.研究者分析了来源于苏格兰心智调查的数据：1932年,几乎每个11岁的苏格兰儿童都在同一天接受了相同的智商测试,之后测试者将接受追踪调查,直至他们去世.
Even when factors such as economic status and employment level were accounted for, the smarter kids ended up living longer than those with lower IQs. These results correlate to several previous studies that have found a link between IQ and mortality when other factors were filtered out.
即使经济地位和就业水平等因素都被考虑在内,调查仍旧显示,智商高的孩子寿命更长.这些结果与先前的研究不谋而合,即在排除其它因素的条件下,智商与死亡率有一定的关联.
"Subjects who died before 1 January 1997 had a significantly lower mean IQ at age 11 years than subjects who were alive or untraced," says the report, published in the British Medical Journal. "Our data shows that high mental ability in late childhood reduces the chances of death up to age 76 years."
发表于《英国医学杂志》的报告显示：1997年1月1日前去世的调查对象11岁时的平均智商远远低于当时还健在的和没接受追踪调查的群体,数据表明,如果一个人在童年后期表现出较高的心智能力,76岁前死亡的几率会有所降低.
The numbers crunched by Lawrence Whalley from the University of Aberdeen and Ian Deary from the University of Edinburgh show that someone with an IQ of 115 at age 11 was 21 percent more likely to be alive at the age of 76 than someone with an IQ of 100 (the general average), as David Z. Hambrick at Scientific American reports.
《科学美国人》的戴维·汉布里克报道称,由阿伯丁大学的劳伦斯·沃利和爱�"ご笱У囊炼鳌さ俣鸸浪愕氖菹允�,智商值为115的11岁儿童活到76岁的几率比智商值为100（平均水平）的儿童高21%.
We don't yet understand why this is the case, but more than 20 longitudinal studies (studies with data points covering a long period of time) carried out around the world have found similar links.
这一现象是如何产生的呢？我们也尚未发现原因所在,但是全世界20多个纵向追踪研究都发现智商与寿命间有类似的关联, 这些研究数据均来自长时间的调查.
There are some interesting hypotheses: one is that intelligent people are more likely to strap themselves in while driving, choose to eat a healthy diet, avoid smoking, and exercise more often. Whalley and Deary found that those with a higher IQ were more likely to quit smoking after its negative health effects were publicised in the 1950s. In other words, smart people might just be better at avoiding things that are going to kill them.
