河长
river chiefs
China will appoint local government heads as river chiefs across the nation to clean up and protect its water resources, said guidelines published by Chinese central authorities Sunday.
中共中央发布的意见指出,我国要在全国范围内任命当地政府领导为"河长",以清理和保护各地水资源.
Much as mayors and county heads are responsible for their beats, river chiefs will be responsible for the management and protection of the watercourses, according to a document forwarded by the general offices of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council.
中办和国办发布的文件指出,就像市长和县长要为自己所管辖的地区负责一样,河长也要为当地河道的管理和保护负责.
"河长"（river chief）就是河流管护的第一责任人.在全面推广的河长制责任体系中,各地将建立省、市、县、乡四级河长体系（government officials will be hired as river chiefs at provincial, city, county and township levels）；各�.ㄗ灾吻⒅毕绞校┥枇⒆芎映�,由党委或政府主要负责同志担任（heads of provincial regions will be general chiefs that are responsible for all rivers and lakes in the region）.
各级河长的主要任务包括：加强水资源保护（resource protection）；加强河湖水域岸线管理保护（shoreline management and protection）；加强水污染防治（water pollution prevention and control）；加强水环境治理（water environment management）；加强水生态修复（ecological restoration）；加强执法监管（law enforcement monitoring）.
【河长制的由来】
2007年5月,太湖蓝藻大面积爆发（blue algae outbreak）,水源恶化,市民抢购纯净水.河道久无清淤、企业违法排污、河道污染严重……
当年8月,无锡市印发《无锡市河(湖、库、荡、氿)断面水质控制目标及考核办法(试行)》,将河流断面水质检测结果（water quality test results of the river cross section）纳入各市县区党政主要负责人政绩考核内容,各市县区不按期报告或拒报、谎报水质检测结果的,按有关规定追究责任.
2008年6月,江苏在太湖流域推广"河长制"：每条河由省市两级领导共同担任"河长".各级党政主要负责人是河流管护第一责任人.效果立竿见影.太湖主要入湖河流之一的太滆南运河长期受污染问题困扰.江苏省和宜兴市两级"河长"实地督查污染源、排污口,河流水质,沿河生态得到较大恢复.2011年至2016年,79个"河长制"管理断面水质综合判定达标率基本维持在70%以上.
此后,北到松花江流域,南至滇池,"河长制"走向全国.北京、天津、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、海南8省市全境推行"河长制",16个省区市部分实行"河长制".
