The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent off InSight, its robotic lander, from the central coast of California at pre-dawn on Saturday to explore the deep interior of the red planet.
NASA's new administrator Jim Bridenstine tweeted: "It's been a big day here at @NASA! @NASAInSight successfully launched and is on its way to Mars!"
The lander blasted off at 4:05 a.m. local time (1105 GMT) atop an Atlas V rocket from the Vandenberg Air Force Base.
The mission is NASA's first Mars surface spacecraft to lift off since the Curiosity rover started its deep-space journey in November 2011.
"Mars, here I come! 6 months and counting to the Red Planet," the mission team tweeted.
InSight, short for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport, will study how rocky planets and their moons were formed.
"I am so excited! This is my first time watching a rocket launch on the West Coast," said Jennifer Ma, who drove here from San Diego on Friday to view the launch.
"Most of the hotel rooms in town sold out weeks ago. I had to stay in the car, waiting for the launch," she told Xinhua.
Missions to other planets are normally launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center and fly east, over water. That's because the eastward direction adds the momentum of Earth's eastward rotation to the launch vehicle's own thrust.
But the Atlas V is powerful enough to fly south toward the sea from the Vandenberg Air Force Base. Besides, the air force base had greater availability to accommodate InSight's five-week launch window.
The launch is only the beginning. The trip to Mars takes about six months. The journey is about 485 million kilometers.
If everything goes according to plan, InSight will land on Mars on Nov. 26, around noon Pacific Standard Time, on the Elysium Planitia, a volcanic region located in Mars' northern hemisphere, according to NASA.
Unlike NASA's previous Mars rovers such as Opportunity, Spirit and Curiosity, the lander will be a stationary mission. Staying in one place is necessary for its goals.
In addition, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory will use the spacecraft communication system to provide precise measurements of planetary rotation.
InSight "will probe the interior of another terrestrial planet, giving us an idea of the size of the core, the mantle, the crust - and our ability then to compare that with the Earth," NASA chief scientist Jim Green said during a prelaunch news conference on Thursday. "This is of fundamental importance for us to understand the origin of our solar system and how it became the way it is today."
The mission is also sending CubeSats, miniature satellites for space research, beyond Earth for the first time.
The probe is also carrying a chip with 2.4 million names from space fans, including Canadian actor William Shatner, who plays Captain James T. Kirk in the "Star Trek" film franchise.
Atlas V, operated by United Launch Alliance, a joint venture of Boeing and Lockheed Martin Space, is one of the biggest rockets available for interplanetary flight. This is the same type of rocket that launched the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2005.
